By
Jim Schuster
National studies find that elder abuse is often committed by
family members. Many times these are Caregivers. The resulting
conflict and alienation can be avoided. A "caregiver contract" can
eliminate problems of financial elder before they occur.There comes
a time when an aging parent needs a full time caregiver. Many times a
child, usually a daughter, steps up and either moves in or takes mom
in her own home. Everybody knows that being a full time caregiver for
an elderly person is a difficult job, but not everybody appreciates
how dangerous it can be for the caregiver and the elder. Too often
elder abuse becomes a part of the relationship. While there is a wide
array of abuse, one form may easily be avoided and that is financial
abuse by an exhausted child caregiver.
Reports have shown that elder abuse is most often committed by
persons known to the elder. Spouses and children are the top
perpetrators. There are abusers who are caregivers for only one
purpose - to get the elder's
money. When financial elder abuse is committed by children, it is
often by those who have a history of financial problems or addictions.
The great majority of caregivers are not in it for the money. They
don't want any of a parent's property and if asked will say "if I
wanted money I would have gotten a job." Yet there are times when
these well meaning children dip into their parent's accounts to
benefit themselves.
A short definition of elder abuse is any taking of a vulnerable
adult's property for self use. If a parent is dependent on a child for
full time care then she is vulnerable. Even if she is of sound mind
her will can be overcome by
pressure from the caregiver. A simple statement such as "I will have
to put you in a nursing home and get a job" can cause the elder to
give the caregiver almost anything.
There is a complex interplay of fact and emotion that can drive a
caregiver to financial elder abuse. Studies show that the stress of
full time care giving causes serious health impairments. The stressors
are many. The parent may be a demanding, unappreciative patient. The
child may be on 24 hour duty for months without a break. The caregiver
may become emotionally exhausted and angry at the parent for her loss
of health and lack of appreciation. She be angry with siblings who do
not do their share to help out.
A child caregiver's services, no matter how valuable, are presumed
to be rendered gratuitously. The unpaid child caregiver who lives in
the parent's home often has very little financial means. The caregiver
may only be available
because she is not employed. She often has no spouse and very little
in savings. The caregiver may note that the siblings are doing well
financially while she is tottering on the brink of financial ruin. She
may become aware of the commercial value of her care. A live-in aide
may cost over $7,000 per month. Finally feeling at the end of her rope
she may conclude that all her effort has merely saved mother's money
for the inevitable nursing home.
Driven by these factors the caregiver may appropriate a parent's
money to pay her bills or to buy things that salve the hurt. Without
voluntary and informed consent by a competent parent, these
appropriations are elder abuse and the daughter could be subject to
criminal prosecution. While even the smallest taking is criminal, it
is often that the money taken is small at the start and then rapidly
grows. The result is an elder who loses her caregiver and has no money
left to pay for commercial care.
Dysfunctionality of the family is another factor often at work in
these situations. While there are many causes, a commonly overlooked
component is that of the dependent personality of the parent. It sets
up a psychodynamic
between the parent and those upon whom he or she depends. I describe
it as the pattern of the dependent person who needs others for
support. This type of person marries a spouse with a "strong"
personality who proceeds to be the "one in charge who takes care of
everything."
The "weaker" spouse develops ways of manipulating the stronger to
get his or her needs met. When the strong spouse dies the weak spouse
needs somebody to depend on. The pattern, including manipulation,
continues. This is a setup for conflict. Then comes the drama where
the parent has "scripted the parts" and the children play their roles.
The setup in the caregiver context is the the parent's message "I'm so
thankful for you. Nobody else cares about me." At different times the
parent may have said the same thing to other children. Compounding the
difficulty is that one child may adopt the personality of the weaker
parent and the sibling adopts the stronger. For example, the oldest
son may not be suitable for care giving but may have the personality
of the deceased stronger spouse. In that case then he often "comes to
the rescue" of the parent against the "abusive" sibling caregiver.
The best way to avoid this type of conflict is to act before it
happens. An elder law attorney should set up the business relationship
of care giving. All interested persons should be involved. There
should be an independent,
professional assessment of the extent of the need for assistance. The
commercial cost of these services should be identified. The persons
who perform the services are identified. A contract is completed
specifying the services to be provided and the compensation for those
services. In this way nobody is taken advantage of, not the elder nor
the caregiver. There would be no charge of financial abuse of an elder
or the permanent alienation of the caregiver as a thief.
Dysfunctional family relationships are a common cause of caregiver
conflict.
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